Using Anthropology for World Building – Part 6 (Government)

Using Anthropology for World Building – Part 6 (Government)

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Government. We all have opinions on politics, and I promise this post is anything but political. In this eight-part series on using anthropology for world building, we’ve touched on language, religion, social groups, arts & crafts, & history.

Now we get to the one element of anthropology I probably slept through: government. It wasn’t because I had no interest. It was simply the class after lunch.

The final two elements–economy and daily life–are up next.

The government you build into your fantasy or science fiction culture doesn’t have to be complicated. It can mirror your own, or…something else.

There are five basic types of government:

  • Authoritarian
  • Democracy – including parliamentary democracy, presidential democracy, direct democracy
  • Monarchy – both constitutional and absolute
  • Oligarchy – which might be an autocracy, a plutocracy, a stratocracy, or a theocracy
  • Totalitarian

Others include:

  • Anarchy
  • Aristocracy
  • Dictatorship
  • Federalism
  • Republicanism
  • Theocracy
  • Tribalism

And then those governments based on the economy (which is actually the next part of this blog series):

  • Capitalism
  • Communism
  • Socialism

Most cultures in the world today fall under the type in the first list or even an odd combination (e.g., presidential democracy + capitalism), but that doesn’t mean the world you build for your fantasy or science fiction novel has to be the same.

In Sunshine and Shadow: Exodus, or The Second Transit, the government of the colonists might be headed toward a parliamentary democracy but falls more in line with a theocracy (despite one of the Council members being rather vociferous that this not be the case).

When I laid out the plans for the culture within the Transit series, I did so specifically to address certain societal mores and norms which may (or may not) continue if society were to start over.

Government was a big part of that planning.

Think about it: if a few hundred people had the chance to start society over, would they stick to the government they knew–the government that drove them out in the first place–or would they want to establish something different?

And if they established something different, would they even know what might work in their present situation, or would they have to experiment with different forms of government based on the needs of the community at the time?

My argument is the latter.

You can do the same thing. There a thousands of fantasy books where monarchies and oligarchies are prevalent. It seems to be the thing to have a fantasy world ruled by a king or queen.

But is that the best way to do it for the culture you’re creating inside your own world?

If you’re a writer, I challenge you to think about the government that your culture is subjected to. Even if you never mention the government or your characters operate outside seats of power, that government will make laws or dictates which the character may or may not follow.

Take a look at this list of governments and see what would fit your world.

To see what kind of government I set up for colonists starting over on a new world, check out Sunshine and Shadow: Exodus, or The Second Transit.


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